Name the association in which one species produces poisonous substance or a  change in environmental conditions that is harmful to another species.

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Amensalism. It is also called as anti-biosis. E.g. Penicillium notatum (Blue mold) kills the bacteria by secreting penicillin an antibiotic.

The adversely affected species is called amensal while the affecting species is called as inhibitor.

The bacteria are harmed while the fungi (blue mold) is unaffected.

$\Rightarrow$ The blue mold can survive in presence or absence of bacteria.

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Pollinator mutualism are special interactions involving ...$A$..., which receive food or a place to lay eggs and ...$B$..., which receive polle from other of their kind.

Choose of correct option for $A$ and $B$

Many parasites have evolved to be ...$A$... in such a way that both host and the parasite tend to ...$B$... that is, if the host evolves special mechanisms for rejecting or resisting the parasite, the parasite has to evolve mechanisms to ...$C$... and neutralize them, in order to be successful with the same host species

Choose the correct option for $A , B$ and $C$

Given below are two statements:

Statement $I$: Gause's competitive exclusion principle states that two closely related species competing for different resources cannot exist indefinitely.

Statement $II$: According to Gause's principle, during competition, the inferior will be eliminated. This may be true if resources are limiting.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

  • [NEET 2024]

Which one of the following population interactions is widely used in medical science for the production of antibiotics?

  • [NEET 2018]

Give differences: Commensalism and Mutualism.